How we calculate

Each sourced figure is checked at least twice a year, and sooner when the cited statute, regulation, or IRS publication changes. The date on an entry is the day that citation was last confirmed for this site.

Only entries marked verified are rendered on the public pages, in structured data, and in the logic that would otherwise print a benchmark. An unverified entry has no value. The calculators still run, because you type the missing inputs yourself.

Severance formula

1. When salary is entered by the month, annual salary = monthly salary × 12.
2. Weekly pay = annual salary ÷ 52.
3. Monthly pay = annual salary ÷ 12.
4. Severance = weekly pay × weeks per year × years of service.
5. Notice pay = weekly pay × notice weeks. This line is separate from severance.
6. Bonus is the dollar amount you enter. It is not multiplied by years.
7. Package = severance + notice pay + bonus.
8. Weeks of pay = weeks per year × years of service.
9. Months of pay = severance ÷ monthly pay, when monthly pay is not zero.
10. Take-home estimate = severance × (1 − tax rate ÷ 100), and only if you enter a rate.
11. Negative inputs are clamped to zero before the formula runs.
12. Displayed money is rounded half up to two decimals after the full calculation, not between steps.

There are 52 weeks in the divisor and 12 months in a year. The form does not divide a monthly salary by 4.33.

Solar formula

1. When you enter a monthly bill, monthly kWh = monthly bill ÷ electricity rate. If the rate is zero, monthly kWh is not available.
2. Annual kWh = monthly kWh × 12.
3. System size (kW) = annual kWh ÷ production factor. The production factor is kWh per kW per year.
4. Gross cost = system size (kW) × 1,000 × cost per watt.
5. Incentive amount = gross cost × incentive percent ÷ 100.
6. Net cost = gross cost − incentive amount.
7. Annual savings = annual kWh × electricity rate.
8. Payback (years) = net cost ÷ annual savings. If annual savings are zero, payback is not available.
9. 25-year savings = annual savings × 25 − net cost.
10. Negative inputs are clamped to zero. Incentive percent is capped at 100.
11. Displayed amounts are rounded half up to two decimals after each full line, not by rounding system size before gross cost.

The production factor is already in kilowatt-hours per kilowatt-year, so system size is annual kWh divided by that factor. Gross cost then multiplies kilowatts by 1,000 to reach watts.

Closing cost formula

1. Florida deed stamps equal the count of 100 dollar units, rounded up, times 0.70 dollars. In Miami-Dade a single-family residence uses 0.60 dollars. Any other Miami-Dade property uses 0.60 plus a 0.45 surtax.
2. Florida note stamps equal the count of 100 dollar units of the loan, rounded up, times 0.35 dollars. The intangible tax on the mortgage is not included.
3. Texas title premium, for a policy amount over 100,000 dollars, subtracts the band figure, multiplies by that band's rate, rounds the product to the nearest dollar, then adds the band's flat amount. At 100,000 dollars or below, the line says enter your quote.
4. California county transfer tax, when consideration exceeds 100 dollars, equals the count of 500 dollar units, rounded up, times 0.55 dollars. A city tax is not calculated.
5. Lender fees, appraisal, recording, and a city amount are the dollars you type. They are not benchmarks. A line that says enter your quote is left out of the total.
6. The percent of price is the total divided by the purchase price. If the price is zero, that percent is not available.

There is no national closing-cost percent in the table below. The Florida, Texas, and California rows are the cited rates only.

One sourced production example, not a default

The EPA, citing NREL PVWatts, describes a Kansas City open-rack system of 1,017.14 kW producing 1,455,726 kWh a year. Dividing those two figures and rounding half up gives 1,431.20 kWh per kW-year. That array is a commercial or small utility example. It is not the number in the solar form, and it is not a home rooftop default.

Verified sources

State electricity rates, state solar incentives, a national cost per watt, a national residential production factor, a module wattage, a degradation rate, and a sample loan rate are not in this table. They are not verified. Provincial Canadian severance minimums, India's gratuity formula, and South African severance tax are in the same unpublished set.